A vaginal yeast infection, also known as candidiasis, is a common condition affecting many women during their lifetime. It results from an overgrowth of the fungus Candida in the vagina.

This guide aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the causes, symptoms, and available treatments for this condition.

Causes of Vaginal Yeast Infections

Natural Flora Imbalance

The vagina naturally contains a balanced mixture of yeast and bacteria. Lactobacillus bacteria keep the yeast in check. However, when the balance is disrupted, the yeast can multiply, leading to an infection.

Antibiotics: Taking antibiotics can kill the good bacteria, leading to an overgrowth of yeast.

Pregnancy: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can create a favorable environment for yeast growth.

Diabetes: Women with poorly controlled diabetes are at a higher risk due to the increased sugar in the mucous membranes of the vagina.

Weak Immune System: Conditions like HIV or medications that suppress the immune system can increase susceptibility.

Hormonal Replacement Therapy & Birth Control: Any changes in estrogen levels can alter the balance of vaginal flora.

Symptoms of Vaginal Yeast Infections

While the severity and combination of symptoms can vary from one individual to another, common symptoms include:

  • Itching and irritation in the vagina and vulva
  • A burning sensation, especially during intercourse or while urinating
  • Redness and swelling of the vulva
  • Vaginal pain and soreness
  • Vaginal rash
  • Thick, white, odor-free vaginal discharge with a cottage cheese appearance
  • Watery vaginal discharge

See our resource:  Yeast Infections: What Do They Smell Like?

It's crucial to distinguish the symptoms of a yeast infection from those of other vaginal infections (vaginitis), such as bacterial vaginosis or certain STIs. Always consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis.

Diagnosis

A healthcare provider will diagnose a vaginal yeast infection based on:

Medical History: This includes discussing symptoms, past yeast infections, or other vaginal infections, and potential risk factors.
Pelvic Examination: The doctor might take a look at the vaginal walls and cervix to detect signs of infection.
Microscopic Examination: A sample of the vaginal discharge may be taken and viewed under a microscope to identify the presence of the yeast.

Treatment Options

The right treatment depends on various factors, including the severity of the symptoms and the individual's medical history.

Antifungal Medications

These are the primary treatment for yeast infections. They can come in the form of creams, ointments, tablets, or suppositories.

  • Over-the-counter (OTC) treatments: Many antifungal treatments are available OTC, including clotrimazole (Gyne-Lotrimin), miconazole (Monistat), and others. These are typically used for uncomplicated infections.
  • Prescription treatments: In cases of recurrent or severe infections, a healthcare provider may prescribe stronger antifungal medications such as fluconazole (Diflucan) or other similar drugs.

Home Remedies

Some women find relief using natural remedies, though they should be approached with caution:

  • Plain yogurt: Applying unsweetened yogurt to the vagina or consuming it can sometimes be beneficial due to the presence of Lactobacillus.
  • Tea tree oil: While some believe tea tree oil can help, it should be used cautiously and never ingested.
  • Daily Probiotic: Probiotics have been shown to promote the growth of healthy bacteria which can help prevent overgrowth of bad bacteria.
  • Long-course vaginal therapy: For more persistent infections, treatments might be extended over several days.
  • Maintenance plan: For recurrent infections, doctors might recommend a medication regimen to prevent yeast overgrowth and future infections.

Try Our All Natural Flora Bloom Feminine Probiotic

Preventing Vaginal Yeast Infections

While not all yeast infections can be prevented, the following steps can reduce the risk:

  • Avoid wearing tight-fitting or damp clothing.
  • Change out of wet clothes, such as swimsuits, promptly.
  • Avoid douching, as it can disturb the vaginal flora.
  • Wear cotton underwear to reduce moisture and maintain a dry environment.
  • After using the toilet, wipe from front to back to prevent the spread of yeast and bacteria.
  • Manage your blood sugar if you have diabetes.

Conclusion

Vaginal yeast infections are a common concern for many women. Recognizing the symptoms and understanding the causes can help prevent complications and recurrent episodes. If you suspect you have a yeast infection, it's essential to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.

It's also worthwhile to remember that while over-the-counter treatments are available, not all vaginal irritations are yeast infections. Proper medical guidance ensures that you receive appropriate care.

References

  1. Sobel, J. D. (1997). Vaginitis. New England Journal of Medicine, 337(26), 1896-1903. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199712253372607
  2. Pawlaczyk, M., Friebe, Z., Pawlaczky, M. T., Sowinska-Przepiera, E., & Wlosinska, J. (2006). The effect of treatment for vaginal yeast infection on the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in early pregnancy. Acta Dermatovenerologica Croatica, 14(1), 0-0. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16603098/
  3. Spence, D., & Melville, C. (2007). Vaginal discharge. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 335(7630), 1147–1151. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39378.633287.80
  4. Sobel, J. D. (2016). Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 214(1), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2015.06.067
  5. Denning, D. W., Kneale, M., Sobel, J. D., & Rautemaa-Richardson, R. (2018). Global burden of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: a systematic review. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 18(11), e339-e347. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30103-8
  6. Mohammed, L., Jha, G., Malasevskaia, I., Goud, H. K., & Hassan, A. (2021). The Interplay Between Sugar and Yeast Infections: Do Diabetics Have a Greater Predisposition to Develop Oral and Vulvovaginal Candidiasis?. Cureus, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.13407
  7. Donders, G. G., Mertens, I., Bellen, G., & Pelckmans, S. (2011). Self‐elimination of risk factors for recurrent vaginal candidosis. Mycoses, 54(1), 39-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.2009.01754.x
  8. American Diabetes Association. (n.d.). Understanding Carbs. ADA. Retrieved February 23, 2021, from https://www.diabetes.org/nutrition/understanding-carbs
  9. Fischer, G., & Bradford, J. (2011). Vulvovaginal candidiasis in postmenopausal women: the role of hormone replacement therapy. Journal of lower genital tract disease, 15(4), 263-267. https://doi.org/10.1097/LGT.0b013e3182241f1a
  10. Fidel, P. L., Cutright, J., & Steele, C. (2000). Effects of reproductive hormones on experimental vaginal candidiasis. Infection and immunity, 68(2), 651-657. https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.2.651-657.2000
  11. Iavazzo, C., Gkegkes, I. D., Zarkada, I. M., & Falagas, M. E. (2011). Boric acid for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: the clinical evidence. Journal of Women's Health, 20(8), 1245-1255. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2010.2708
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